Progress Monitoring
Progress monitoring is used to assess students’ academic performance, to quantify a student rate of improvement or responsiveness to instruction, and to evaluate the effectiveness of instruction. Progress monitoring can be implemented with individual students or an entire class.
In progress monitoring, attention should focus on fidelity of implementation and selection of evidence-based tools, with consideration for cultural and linguistic responsiveness and recognition of student strengths.
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Interface issues and integration of sub vendors
Project interfaces are defined as: “The boundary between two parties or systems involved in a project”. Interface management is the process used to ensure that all relevant specifics about these touchpoints (or interfaces) are addressed and shared in a consistent, timely and efficient manner between all contractors, design teams and any other relevant stakeholders involved in the project.
Interface management supports project teams to mitigate interface-related risks by controlling interface issues from an early stage of the project life-cycle, as well as by building collaboration and lines of communication between project participants. Documenting interfaces and providing solid communication allows different contracting parties to be aligned and helps establish clear lines of responsibility and scope whilst bridging the space between them.
The outcome is improved project performance and a reduction in the probability of costly mistakes and reworks. Successful interface management can lead to avoidance of time-consuming disputes, guaranteeing complete understanding of, and agreement with, all decisions regarding project interface issues.
Systems engineering for improved interface management
To embed in interface management process as a system’s approach, it is necessary to walk towards an established and solid framework that uses a multidisciplinary method which can ensure a successful outcome of the considered systems, referred to as systems engineering. Systems engineering is the cement between all the bricks that compose a project, namely project management and engineering deliverables..
Rolling stock
Vehicles that, for operations or maintenance purposes, use the railway infrastructure.
Fixed infrastructure
A set of physical systems required to establish a railway in a safe manner:
Track – the structure consisting of rails, fasteners, sleepers and ballast (or slab track), that provides the required surface for rail/tram wheels to roll upon
Signalling and automatic vehicle location – ensures safe separation between rolling stock and allows an improved performance towards the defined headway
Traction power – substations and transmission (i.e. catenary and third rail) provides the necessary electrical power
Supervisory control and data acquisition – provides real-time data on key elements of the infrastructure.
Operations
Although they could easily be included under infrastructure, the following systems are provided to support operation:
Operation command centre – a central location with the relevant workstations, to supervise, operate and provide command, coordination and decision-making for day-to-day operation or in the case of an incident.
Passenger information and public address – provides visual and audio information on headway, departures and other operational details.
Radio communications – to allow communications between command centre operators and rolling stock drivers or maintenance teams.
Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) – provides visual monitoring of railway premises and public areas in the surroundings of the railway.
Automatic revenue collection – provides secure revenue collection and associated records.
From the systems engineering processes, interface management will focus mainly on the following:
System requirements – where the relevant stakeholders’ expectations are transformed into verifiable interface requirements
Verification and validation – to assess if interface requirements are being addressed properly and according to expectations.
Interface classification
The approach followed to classify each interface is based on a contractual relationship between the parties involved in the interface itself:
Internal interfaces are those between or within contracts under the main engineer scope. These can be divided respectively into inter-contract or intra-contract interfaces
External interfaces are those between contracts under the main engineer responsibility and third parties, i.e. other contracts and (not restricted to) local authorities
